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To understand how forests are managed in Europe, you first need to look at the complex policy landscape that shapes them. Forests are governed by a mix of policies at EU, national, and regional levels, often coming from different sectors. This diversity of instruments, and sometimes conflicting priorities, plays a central role in determining how forests are managed, conserved, and used.
Europe has long pursued nature restoration, yet efforts remain far below what is needed to halt biodiversity loss and address climate change. Bridging the gap between ambitious policies and on-the-ground action requires adaptive frameworks, upscaling of local successes, and long-term strategies.